The Influence of US-China Climate Policies on India’s Renewable Energy

Abstract

This research examines the influence of U.S. and China climate policies on India’s renewable energy transition, focusing on technology, financing, and infrastructure development. With the U.S. providing cutting-edge innovations and transparent investment models and China offering cost-effective renewable energy technologies, India stands at the intersection of great-power competition and collaboration. Drawing on Realism and Complex Interdependence theories, the study explores India’s strategic balancing act between these global powers while pursuing its ambitious renewable energy goals, such as achieving 500 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity by 2030. The analysis highlights the benefits and risks of relying on external support, emphasizing India's need for domestic capacity-building, diversification of partnerships, and geopolitical neutrality to mitigate dependency and maintain sovereignty. This study provides a road-map for India and other developing nations navigating global energy politics, demonstrating how emerging economies can leverage external influences to achieve sustainable development.